International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation Volume 9 2026 88
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., &Greenberg, J. (2015). Thirty years of terror management theory. Advances in
Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 1–70.
Rahman, T. (2018). Extreme overvalued beliefs: How violent extremist beliefs become “normalized”. Behavioral
Sciences, 8(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8010010
Reimann, N. (2021, December 10). Some Americans are tragically still drinking bleach as a coronavirus “cure”.
Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2020/08/24/some-american s-are-tragically-still-
drinking-bleach-as-a-coronavirus-cure
Roose, K. (2021, September 3). What is QAnon, the viral pro-Trump conspiracy theory? The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html
Sasakawa Peace Foundation. (2022). QAnon’s globalization: From the U.S. to Japan.
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., &Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup cooperation and
competition: The Robbers Cave experiment. University Book Exchange.
Shah, A. K., Mullainathan, S., &Shafir, E. (2012). Some consequences of having too little. Science, 338(6107),
682–685. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1222426
Shupe, A. D. (1998). Wolves within the fold: Religious leadership and abuses of power. Rutgers University Press.
Simons, E. (2006). Faith, fanaticism, and fear: Aum Shinrikyo-the birth and death of a terrorist organization.
Forensic Examiner, 15(1), 37–45.
Skitka, L. J., &Tetlock, P. E. (1993). Providing public assistance: Cognitive and motivational processes underlying
liberal and conservative policy preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6),
1205–1223.
Sosis, R., &Bressler, E. R. (2003). Cooperation and commune longevity: A test of the costly signaling theory of
religion. Cross-Cultural Research, 37(2), 211–239.
Starbird, K., Arif, A., &Wilson, T. (2019). Disinformation as collaborative work: Surfacing the participatory
nature of strategic information operations. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction,
3(CSCW), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359229
Stephan, W. G., &Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing
prejudice and discrimination (pp. 23–46). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tajfel, H., &Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin &S. Worchel
(Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
Tufekci, Z. (2015). Algorithmic harms beyond Facebook and Google: Emergent challenges of computational
agency. Colorado Technology Law Journal, 13(1), 203–218.
https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/ctlj/vol13/iss2/4
Tukachinsky, R., &Stever, G. S. (2019). Theoretical approaches to parasocial relationships. In The Oxford
Handbook of Parasocial Experiences (pp. 67–84). Oxford University Press.
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., &Greenberg, J. (2015). Thirty years of terror management theory. Advances in
Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 1–70.
Rahman, T. (2018). Extreme overvalued beliefs: How violent extremist beliefs become “normalized”. Behavioral
Sciences, 8(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8010010
Reimann, N. (2021, December 10). Some Americans are tragically still drinking bleach as a coronavirus “cure”.
Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2020/08/24/some-american s-are-tragically-still-
drinking-bleach-as-a-coronavirus-cure
Roose, K. (2021, September 3). What is QAnon, the viral pro-Trump conspiracy theory? The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html
Sasakawa Peace Foundation. (2022). QAnon’s globalization: From the U.S. to Japan.
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., &Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup cooperation and
competition: The Robbers Cave experiment. University Book Exchange.
Shah, A. K., Mullainathan, S., &Shafir, E. (2012). Some consequences of having too little. Science, 338(6107),
682–685. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1222426
Shupe, A. D. (1998). Wolves within the fold: Religious leadership and abuses of power. Rutgers University Press.
Simons, E. (2006). Faith, fanaticism, and fear: Aum Shinrikyo-the birth and death of a terrorist organization.
Forensic Examiner, 15(1), 37–45.
Skitka, L. J., &Tetlock, P. E. (1993). Providing public assistance: Cognitive and motivational processes underlying
liberal and conservative policy preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(6),
1205–1223.
Sosis, R., &Bressler, E. R. (2003). Cooperation and commune longevity: A test of the costly signaling theory of
religion. Cross-Cultural Research, 37(2), 211–239.
Starbird, K., Arif, A., &Wilson, T. (2019). Disinformation as collaborative work: Surfacing the participatory
nature of strategic information operations. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction,
3(CSCW), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359229
Stephan, W. G., &Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing
prejudice and discrimination (pp. 23–46). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tajfel, H., &Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin &S. Worchel
(Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
Tufekci, Z. (2015). Algorithmic harms beyond Facebook and Google: Emergent challenges of computational
agency. Colorado Technology Law Journal, 13(1), 203–218.
https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/ctlj/vol13/iss2/4
Tukachinsky, R., &Stever, G. S. (2019). Theoretical approaches to parasocial relationships. In The Oxford
Handbook of Parasocial Experiences (pp. 67–84). Oxford University Press.

















































































































































