International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation Volume 9 2026 66
References
Almendros, C., Carrobles, J. A., &Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á. (2007). Former members’ perceptions of cult
involvement. Cultic Studies Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2023
Coates, D. D. (2011). Counselling former members of charismatic groups: Considering pre-involvement variables,
reasons for joining the group and corresponding values. Mental Health, Religion &Culture, 14(3),
191–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670903443404
Coates, D. D. (2012). “Cult commitment” from the perspective of former members: Direct rewards of membership
versus dependency inducing practices. Deviant Behavior, 33(3), 168–184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.548302
Cowan, D. E., &Bromley, D. G. (2015). Cults and new religions: A brief history. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Doychak, K., &Raghavan, C. (2018). “No voice or vote:” Trauma-coerced attachment in victims of sex trafficking.
Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(3), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2018.1518625
Greenaway, K. H., Wright, R. G., Willingham, J., Reynolds, K. J., &Haslam, S. A. (2014). Shared identity
is key to effective communication. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 171–182.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214559709
Hassan, S. (2017). Brainwashing young people into violent extremist cults. Freedom from Fear, 2017(13), 18–22.
https://doi.org/10.18356/d37f4d01-en
Hexham, I., &Poewe, K. (2003). New religions and the social bond. The International Scope, 5(9), 126–148.
Holoyda, B., &Newman, W. (2016). 2. Between belief and delusion: Cult members and the insanity plea.
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 44(1), 53–62.
International Cultic Studies Association. (2004). FAQs. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from
https://www.icsahome.com/elibrary/faqs
Langone, M. D. (2015). Characteristics associated with cultic groups -Revised. ICSA Today, 6(3).
https://articles1.icsahome.com/articles/characteristics
Levine, S. V., &Salter, N. E. (1976). Youth and contemporary religious movements: Psychosocial findings.
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 21(6), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674377602100609
Levine, S. V. (1989) Life in the cults. In M. Galanter (Ed.), Cults and new religious movements: A report of the
American Psychiatric Association (pp. 95–106). American Psychiatric Assoc.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á., Saldaña, O., Almendros, C., Martín-Peña, J., Escartín, J., &Porrúa-García, C. (2014).
Group psychological abuse: Taxonomy and severity of its components. The European Journal of
Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 7(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.11.001
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018
References
Almendros, C., Carrobles, J. A., &Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á. (2007). Former members’ perceptions of cult
involvement. Cultic Studies Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2023
Coates, D. D. (2011). Counselling former members of charismatic groups: Considering pre-involvement variables,
reasons for joining the group and corresponding values. Mental Health, Religion &Culture, 14(3),
191–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670903443404
Coates, D. D. (2012). “Cult commitment” from the perspective of former members: Direct rewards of membership
versus dependency inducing practices. Deviant Behavior, 33(3), 168–184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.548302
Cowan, D. E., &Bromley, D. G. (2015). Cults and new religions: A brief history. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Doychak, K., &Raghavan, C. (2018). “No voice or vote:” Trauma-coerced attachment in victims of sex trafficking.
Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(3), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2018.1518625
Greenaway, K. H., Wright, R. G., Willingham, J., Reynolds, K. J., &Haslam, S. A. (2014). Shared identity
is key to effective communication. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 171–182.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214559709
Hassan, S. (2017). Brainwashing young people into violent extremist cults. Freedom from Fear, 2017(13), 18–22.
https://doi.org/10.18356/d37f4d01-en
Hexham, I., &Poewe, K. (2003). New religions and the social bond. The International Scope, 5(9), 126–148.
Holoyda, B., &Newman, W. (2016). 2. Between belief and delusion: Cult members and the insanity plea.
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 44(1), 53–62.
International Cultic Studies Association. (2004). FAQs. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from
https://www.icsahome.com/elibrary/faqs
Langone, M. D. (2015). Characteristics associated with cultic groups -Revised. ICSA Today, 6(3).
https://articles1.icsahome.com/articles/characteristics
Levine, S. V., &Salter, N. E. (1976). Youth and contemporary religious movements: Psychosocial findings.
Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 21(6), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674377602100609
Levine, S. V. (1989) Life in the cults. In M. Galanter (Ed.), Cults and new religious movements: A report of the
American Psychiatric Association (pp. 95–106). American Psychiatric Assoc.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á., Saldaña, O., Almendros, C., Martín-Peña, J., Escartín, J., &Porrúa-García, C. (2014).
Group psychological abuse: Taxonomy and severity of its components. The European Journal of
Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 7(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.11.001
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018
