Cultic Studies Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1 1985, Page 86
References
Anderson, I. R. (1980). Cognitive Psychology and its implications. San Francisco: Freeman.
Andersen, S. M., &Zimbardo, P. G. (1984). On resisting social influence. Cultic Studies
Journal, 1(2), i96-219.
Aronson, E., &Mills, J. (1959). The-effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group.
Journal of Abnormal &Social Psychology, L9, 177-181.
Babbie, E. R. (1979). The practice of social research. (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA :Wadsworth.
Conway, F., &Siegelman, J. (1978). Snapping: America’s epidemic of sudden personality
change. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Doress, I., &Porter, I. (1978). Kids in cults. Society 15, 69-71.
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, Ill.: Row,
Peterson. Hirschman, A. 0. (1970). Exit, voice and loyalty: On recovery from decline in
firms, organizations, and states. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Klatsky, R. L. (1980). Human memory, Structures and ,processes. San Francisco:
Freeman.
Lofland, 1. T-1978). ―Becoming a world saver‖ revisited. In T. Richardson (Ed.). Conversion
careers: In and out of the new religions. Beverly Hills, Ca. Sage, 10-23.
Lofland, J., &Stark, R. (1965). Becoming a world-saver. A theory of conversion to a deviant
perspective. American Sociological, Review, 30, 862-874.
Lynch, F. R. (1978). Toward a theory of conversion and commitment to the occult. In J. T.
Richardson (Ed.). Conversion careers: In and out of the new religions. Beverly Hills,
CA -Sage, 91-112.
Marwell, G., &Schmitt, D. R. (1967). Dimensions of compliance-gaining behavior: An
empirical analysis. Sociometry, 30, 350-364.
McGlaughlin,-M. L., Cody, M. J., &Robey, C. S. (1980). Situational influences on the
selection of strategies to resist compliance-gaining attempts. Human Communication
Research, 7, 14-36.
Miller, G., Boster, F., Roloff, M., &Seibold, D. (1977). Compliance-gaining strategies: A
typology and some findings concerning effects of situational differences.
Communication Monographs. 44, 37-54.
Moscovici, S. (1980). Toward a theory of conversion behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.).
Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 13. New York: Academic Press,
209-239.
Nie, N. H., Hull, C. G., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K., &Bent, D. H. (Eds.) (1975). SPSS:
Statistical package for the social sciences. (2nd. Ed.), New York: McGraw Hill.
Nisbett, R., &Wilson, T. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of
judgment. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 35, 250-256.
Richardson, T. (Ed.). (1978). Conversion careers: In and out of the new religions. Beverly
Hills, CA: Sage.
Rolloff, M.E. (1980). Self-awareness and the persuasion process. In M. E. Roloff &G. Miller
(Eds.). Persuasion: New directions in theory and research. Beverly Hills, Ca.: Sage,
29-66.-
Cultic Studies Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1 1985, Page 87
Snow, D. K., Zurcher, L. A., &Ekland-Olson, S. (1980). Social networks and social
movements: A microstructural approach to differential recruitment. American
Sociological Review, 45, 787-801.
Snyder, M., Zimbardo, P., &Hirschman, A. (November, 1973). Social determinants of group
loyalty, innovation, and activism. Office of Naval Research Technical Report: Z-11.
Strauss, R. (1976). Changing oneself: Seekers and the creative transformation of life
experience. In J. Lofland (Ed.). Doing social life. New York: Wiley, 252-272.
Sullivan, D., &Zimbardo, P. (March 9, 1979). Jonestown survivors tell their story. Los
Angeles Times, View, Part IV, p. 1 ff., pp. 1, 10, 11, 12.
Ullman, C. (1982). Cognitive and emotional antecedents of religious conversion. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 183-197.
U. S. News and World Report (Dec. 4, 1978). ―Behind the cult craze.‖
Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading, Mass.: Addison-
Wesley.
Zimbardo, P. G., Ebbesen, E. B., &Maslach, C. (1977). Influencing attitudes and changing
behavior. (2nd ed.7. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Zimbardo, P. G.,& Radl, S. (1981). The shy child. New York: ,McGraw Hill.
Footnote
We are grateful for the financial support this project has received from the institutions and
individuals noted below. However, conclusions and opinions expressed in this report are not
necessarily endorsed by any of them, but represent our own point of view. Thanks are
extended to: Center for the Study of Youth Development at Stanford University The San
Francisco Foundation Center for the Study of New Religious Movements (Graduate
Theological Union, Berkeley, California) The Kaltenborn Foundation Jerome Kozlowski
Peter Cochran, and Fred Hartley.
In addition, the scope of this report involved many people whose cooperation and expert
assistance were essential to its successful completion. Among the school officials and
teachers to be singled out for special thanks are: Tom Sammons, Walter Denum, Jim
Peatry, Elaine Brody, Father Harriman and Sister Maureen of The Catholic Youth
Organization, and Sandy Gerson of Tochnit Katzir.
For guidance with developing our survey research design, data processing, statistical
analysis, and computer programming we relied upon the wisdom and efforts of: Chris
Bachen, Robert Somers, Lupe Cardoza, Bill Juarez, Pedro Hernandez-Ramas, Tom O‘Toole,
and Emily Hartley. Valuable conceptual input came freely from our colleagues, notably: Pat
Hunt, Margaret Singer, Jacob Needleman, Herb Simons, Everett Rogers, Gary Cronkite, Jo
Liska, Percy Tannenbaum, Lowell Streiker, Keith Harari, Flo Conway, Jim Siegelman, and
Clyde Rich.
A fuller account of this study is presented in Cynthia Hartley‘s Masters Thesis ―Predicting
Adolescent Affiliation with Religious Cults: Empirical Analysis Guided by Pre-Conversion
Theory‖ submitted to San Francisco State University, Department of Speech and
Communication Studies, June, 1983. Copies of the survey may be obtained by sending
$2.00 to the American Family Foundation, P.O. Box 336, Weston, MA 02193.
**********
Previous Page Next Page