Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2010, Page 45
traditional to the philosophy and psychology of knowledge, in correlation with the perceiving and
knowing subject: an object is whatever presents itself with fixed and permanent qualities which are in
principle recognisable by all subjects irrespective of individual wishes and opinions (the adjective
corresponding to this sense of ‗object‘ is ‗objective‘).‖
7 In psychoanalysis, the use of the term ―psychotic defence‖ does not necessarily imply that the
subject is psychotic. It rather denotes defences, such as splitting, which arise at an early stage in
emotional development and persist in neurotic behaviour, and which can be used for a variety of
purposes including the avoidance of mental suffering and separation anxiety.
8 In this sense, it‘s interesting to note that Freud stated in relation to hypnosis and love, ―the same
humble subjection, the same compliance, the same absence of criticism, towards the hypnotist as
towards the loved object. There is the same sapping of the subject‘s own initiative no one can doubt
that the hypnotist has stepped into the place of the ego ideal‖ (Freud, 1921: 114).
9 Sirkin and Rueveni (1992) designed a network intervention using a team of network specialists
(approximately 70 persons over 4 hours), in a case of cult-involvement and folie à deux, specifically
designed to help a family in which one member had become involved with an individual who claimed
to be the Messiah.
References
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-
III). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-
IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Balint, M. (1959). Thrills and Regressions. London: Hogarth Press.
Balint, M. (1979). The Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression. London/New York: Tavistock
Publications.
Brennan, W. (1989). ―Folie à deux and suicide pacts: Psychoses of association‖. Psychiatric Forum,
15(1): 85–93.
Deutsch, H. (1938). ―Folie à Deux.‖ Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 7:307-318.
Dewhurst, K., &Todd, J. (1956). ―The Psychosis of Association. Folie à deux.‖ Journal of Nervous and
Mental Disease, 124: 451–459.
Evans, P., &Merskey. H. (1972). ―Shared Beliefs of Dermal Parasitosis. Folie partage.‖ British Journal
of Medical Psychology, 45: 19–25.
Fliess, R. (1953) "Countertransference and Counteridentification.‖ Journal of American Psychoanalytic
Association, 1: 268–284.
Freud, S. (1921). Group Psychology and The Analysis of the Ego. London: The International
Psychoanalytic Library.
Gralnick, A. (1942). ―Folie à deux: The Psychosis of Association. A Review of 103 Cases and the Entire
English Literature with Case Presentations.‖ Psychiatric Quarterly, 16491–16520.
Grinberg, L. Sor, D. &De Bianchedi, E. T. (1972). Introducción a las ideas de Bion. Buenos Aires:
Nueva Visión.
Grinberg, L. Sor, D. &De Bianchedi, E. T. (1991). Nueva introducción a las ideas de Bion. Madrid:
Tecnipublicaciones.
Grotstein, J. S. (1994). ―Projective Identification Reappraised—Part I: Projective Identification,
Introjective Identification, the Transference/countertransference Neurosis/psychosis, and their
Consummate Expression in the Crucifixion, the Pieta, and "Therapeutic Exorcism." Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 30:708–746.
Grover, S., &Gupta, N. (2006). ―Shared Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.‖ Psychopathology, 39: 99–
101.
Ireland, W. W. (1855). ―Folie à deux, a Mad Family.‖ History of Psychiatry (1998), 9: 383–388.
Langone, M., &Martin, P. (1993). "Deprogramming, Exit Counseling, and Ethics: Clarifying the
Confusion." Cult Observer, 10 (4).
Laplanche, J., &Pontalis, J. B. (1973). The Language of Psycho-Analysis. London: Karnac Books.
Lasègue, C., &Falret, J. (1964). ―La folie à deux (ou folie communique).‖ American Journal of
Psychiatry, 121: 1–23
Lifton, R. J. (1989). Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism. A Study of Brainwashing in
China. North Carolina: University of NC Chapel Hill.
traditional to the philosophy and psychology of knowledge, in correlation with the perceiving and
knowing subject: an object is whatever presents itself with fixed and permanent qualities which are in
principle recognisable by all subjects irrespective of individual wishes and opinions (the adjective
corresponding to this sense of ‗object‘ is ‗objective‘).‖
7 In psychoanalysis, the use of the term ―psychotic defence‖ does not necessarily imply that the
subject is psychotic. It rather denotes defences, such as splitting, which arise at an early stage in
emotional development and persist in neurotic behaviour, and which can be used for a variety of
purposes including the avoidance of mental suffering and separation anxiety.
8 In this sense, it‘s interesting to note that Freud stated in relation to hypnosis and love, ―the same
humble subjection, the same compliance, the same absence of criticism, towards the hypnotist as
towards the loved object. There is the same sapping of the subject‘s own initiative no one can doubt
that the hypnotist has stepped into the place of the ego ideal‖ (Freud, 1921: 114).
9 Sirkin and Rueveni (1992) designed a network intervention using a team of network specialists
(approximately 70 persons over 4 hours), in a case of cult-involvement and folie à deux, specifically
designed to help a family in which one member had become involved with an individual who claimed
to be the Messiah.
References
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-
III). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-
IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Balint, M. (1959). Thrills and Regressions. London: Hogarth Press.
Balint, M. (1979). The Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression. London/New York: Tavistock
Publications.
Brennan, W. (1989). ―Folie à deux and suicide pacts: Psychoses of association‖. Psychiatric Forum,
15(1): 85–93.
Deutsch, H. (1938). ―Folie à Deux.‖ Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 7:307-318.
Dewhurst, K., &Todd, J. (1956). ―The Psychosis of Association. Folie à deux.‖ Journal of Nervous and
Mental Disease, 124: 451–459.
Evans, P., &Merskey. H. (1972). ―Shared Beliefs of Dermal Parasitosis. Folie partage.‖ British Journal
of Medical Psychology, 45: 19–25.
Fliess, R. (1953) "Countertransference and Counteridentification.‖ Journal of American Psychoanalytic
Association, 1: 268–284.
Freud, S. (1921). Group Psychology and The Analysis of the Ego. London: The International
Psychoanalytic Library.
Gralnick, A. (1942). ―Folie à deux: The Psychosis of Association. A Review of 103 Cases and the Entire
English Literature with Case Presentations.‖ Psychiatric Quarterly, 16491–16520.
Grinberg, L. Sor, D. &De Bianchedi, E. T. (1972). Introducción a las ideas de Bion. Buenos Aires:
Nueva Visión.
Grinberg, L. Sor, D. &De Bianchedi, E. T. (1991). Nueva introducción a las ideas de Bion. Madrid:
Tecnipublicaciones.
Grotstein, J. S. (1994). ―Projective Identification Reappraised—Part I: Projective Identification,
Introjective Identification, the Transference/countertransference Neurosis/psychosis, and their
Consummate Expression in the Crucifixion, the Pieta, and "Therapeutic Exorcism." Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, 30:708–746.
Grover, S., &Gupta, N. (2006). ―Shared Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.‖ Psychopathology, 39: 99–
101.
Ireland, W. W. (1855). ―Folie à deux, a Mad Family.‖ History of Psychiatry (1998), 9: 383–388.
Langone, M., &Martin, P. (1993). "Deprogramming, Exit Counseling, and Ethics: Clarifying the
Confusion." Cult Observer, 10 (4).
Laplanche, J., &Pontalis, J. B. (1973). The Language of Psycho-Analysis. London: Karnac Books.
Lasègue, C., &Falret, J. (1964). ―La folie à deux (ou folie communique).‖ American Journal of
Psychiatry, 121: 1–23
Lifton, R. J. (1989). Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism. A Study of Brainwashing in
China. North Carolina: University of NC Chapel Hill.
