Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2003, Page 120
Gosh, I was at a Waldorf PR meeting once, and all these gals there were
saying how ridiculous it was that one parent had become offended when the
faculty and staff did a ―dance to Lucifer.‖ The parent, like me, was Christian. I
said, ―Well, I would be upset by such a dance, too.‖ And, they all stared at
me, then said Lucifer is actually not Satan but the ―light-bearer,‖ see, and
basically that the parent was unenlightened...Sincerely, Patti M. (M, 1999)
Conclusion
Often, when ―difficult‖ tenets of Anthroposophy are brought up in connection with either
private or public Waldorf schools, the defense is made that Anthroposophy is not taught in
the schools. They claim that only Steiner‘s teaching methods are used, and that they take
what‘s good and discard the nonsense. I believe Waldorf without Anthroposophy might be
possible, but it would be so difficult that I would be surprised if it ever actually happened.
Anthroposophy is so tightly interwoven into the Waldorf movement that removing it would
leave little but a constellation of pedagogical techniques that, taken separately, aren‘t
unique to Waldorf.
If there is such a thing as ―Waldorf Method‖ or ―New Waldorf‖ without Anthroposophy,
where are the teaching handbooks and curriculum resources? Everything available comes
from Anthroposophy. Where are the periodicals? All the periodicals are Anthroposophical.
Where are the associations, conferences, and conference proceedings? They are all
Anthroposophical. Where is the teacher training? It‘s all done by Anthroposophists.
Everything in the Waldorf education movement comes from Anthroposophy.
In the United States this creates a legal problem if tax money is involved. Public funding of
religious teacher training is illegal, but school districts send teachers to Rudolf Steiner
College for Waldorf training. In hiring teachers, a publicly-funded Waldorf school can‘t
discriminate against Anthroposophists teachers with more Waldorf training should be more
desirable, not avoided. But asking Waldorf-trained teachers to omit Anthroposophical beliefs
is a paradox. Violations are inevitable. It is impossible for a school board to monitor
religious content in a public Waldorf school. What could they do, have philosophy police
monitoring the school? It‘s like having a ―Catholic-inspired‖ charter school. Would that be
allowed? Not likely.
People for Legal and Nonsectarian Schools, Inc. (PLANS) respects the right of
Anthroposophy to exist and to carry on its many activities, and the right of parents to
choose Waldorf education for their children. However, PLANS wants to inform the public
about the cult-like nature of Anthroposophy, to give warning about Anthroposophy‘s
deceptive practices, and to end violations of the Establishment Clause of the Constitution.
PLANS is demanding that publicly-funded Waldorf schools be closed or converted to private
schools. PLANS is suing two Northern California school districts for violation of the
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The judge wrote:
...PLANS has presented evidence that SCUSD teachers received training in
Anthroposophy and that Twin Ridges sought and employed teachers with
Anthroposophical training. As observed by the Supreme Court, ―[w]e cannot
ignore the danger that a teacher under religious control and discipline poses
to the separation of the religious from the purely secular aspects of precollege
education.‖ Lemon, 403 U.S. at 617. Additionally, as noted above, PLANS
presents evidence that state funds are expended in implementing the Waldorf
teaching method, and that the Waldorf education methodology is directed by,
and grounded in, assumptions about learning and child development that can
only be understood with reference to Anthroposophy. Assuming, for purposes
of this motion, that the Waldorf teaching method and Anthroposophy are in
fact ―inseparable in theory as practiced by defendants,‖ state surveillance of
Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2003, Page 121
the Waldorf education will be necessary to ensure that no trespass occurs.
These ―prophylactic contacts‖ may well result in excessive and enduring
entanglement between church and state. See Lemon, 403 U.S. at 619.
As is the case with all similar analyses, it is clear that entanglement ―is a
question of kind and degree.‖ Lynch, 465 U.S. at 684. Here, PLANS has raised
a disputed issue of material fact concerning the degree of entanglement
between church and state generated by the Waldorf teaching method.
3. California Constitution
Article XVI, section 5 of the California Constitution provides that ―neither the
Legislature, nor any...school district,...shall ever...pay from any public fund
whatever, or grant anything to or in aid of any religious sect, church, creed,
or sectarian purpose.‖ Article IX, ¶8 of the California Constitution provides
that no ―sectarian or denominational doctrine [shall] be taught, or instruction
thereon be permitted, directly or indirectly, in any of the common schools of
this State.‖
As discussed above, PLANS has raised a genuine issue of material fact as to
whether Anthroposophy is so fundamental to Waldorf education as to be
inseparable from it, thereby making public funding of Waldorf education
methods a direct and substantial (if unintentional) endorsement of religion,
and fostering excessive entanglement between church and state. (Damrell,
1999, pp. 23-25)
As of May, 2003, the case was waiting to be calendared again by the U.S. District Court,
after a decision of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals confirmed PLANS standing, i.e., the right
to sue on behalf of taxpayers.
References
Anthroposophical Society in America (1993). Toward a more human future: Anthroposophy
at work [Pamphlet, 33 pp.]. Chicago: Author.
AWSNA, (2003). Web site of the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America: Retrieved
May 4, 2003, from http://www.awsna.org/education-aboutwaled.html
Bloom, J. (1991). Questions and answers on Waldorf Education [Pamphlet]. San Francisco:
San Francisco Waldorf School.
Blue Oak Charter School (2000). Charter of the Blue Oak Charter School (Draft submitted to
school board 12/6/2000). Chico, CA: Author.
Britannica (2002). Retrieved December 1, 2002, from http://www.britannica.com
Charren, S. (1988). Physics IV: Quantum mechanics. Student lesson book, 12th grade,
Sacramento Waldorf School, Teacher, Mr. Demarzi. Photocopy in PLANS library.
Cusick, L. (1992). Waldorf parenting handbook: Useful information on child development
and education from anthroposophical sources. Fair Oaks, CA: Rudolf Steiner
College/St. George Publications.
Damrell, Jr., F. C. (1999). Memorandum and order. United States District Court, Eastern
District of California, No. CIV S 98-266 FCD PAN, Sept. 24, 1999. Retrieved May 4,
2003, from http://www.waldorfcritics.org/active/articles/Damrell_991024.pdf.
Dugan, D., &Daar, J. (1994, Spring). Are Rudolf Steiner’s Waldorf schools ‘non-sectarian’? Free Inquiry.
14:2, 44. Retrieved January 19, 2003, from
http://www.waldorfcritics.org/active/articles/Free_Inquiry.html.
Ercolano, L. (2001, Sept. 29). Discouraging reading. Message posted to Waldorf-critics
discussion list, retrieved January 12, 2003: http://www.topica.com/lists/waldorf-
critics/read/message.html?mid=1708387434..
Previous Page Next Page