Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 3, Nos. 2 &3, 2004, Page 91
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Giddens, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social
analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
— (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Lalich, J. (2000). Bounded choice: The fusion of personal freedom and self-renunciation in two
transcendent groups. Ph.D. dissertation, Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA.
— (2004). Bounded choice: True believers and charismatic cults. Berkeley, CA: University of California
Press.
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism. New York: Norton.
— (1968). Revolutionary immortality: Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese cultural revolution. New York:
Random House.
— (1986). The Nazi doctors. New York: Basic Books.
— (1987). The future of immortality and other essays for a nuclear age. New York: Basic Books.
— (1999). Destroying the world to save it: Aum Shinrikyo, apocalyptic violence, and the new global
terrorism. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Representatives from the Kingdom of Heaven (1996). How and when "Heaven's Gate" (The door to
the physical Kingdom Level Above Human) may be entered. Santa Fe, NM: Heaven's
Representatives.
Schein, E. H. (1961). Coercive persuasion. New York: Norton.
— (1992). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics 69, 99-
118.
— (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review 63, 129-138.
— (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review 74, 29-39.
— (1979). Models of thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behavior. New York: Free Press.
Weber, M. (1946a). ―Bureaucracy.‖ In H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays
in sociology (pp. 196-244). New York: Oxford University Press.
____(1946b). ―The sociology of charismatic authority.‖ In H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Eds.), From
Max Weber: Essays in sociology (pp. 245-252). New York: Oxford University Press.
____(1922/1964). The sociology of religion. E. Bischoff, trans. Boston: Beacon Press.
____(1947/1968). ―The nature of charismatic authority and its routinization.‖ In S.N. Eisenstadt
(Ed.), Max Weber: On charisma and institution building (pp. 48-65). Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Zablocki, B. D. (1998). Exit cost analysis: A new approach to the scientific study of brainwashing.
Nova Religio 1, 216-249.
Janja Lalich, Ph.D. is Assistant Professor of Sociology at California State University, Chico.
Her research and writing has focused on cults and controversial groups, with a specialization
in charismatic authority, power relations, ideology, and social control, and issues related to
gender and sexuality. Her most recent book, Bounded Choice: True Believers and
Charismatic Cults, (University of California Press) presents a new approach to understanding
cult commitments, and is based on her comparative study of Heaven‘s Gate, which
committed collective suicide in 1997, and the Democratic Workers Party, a radical left-wing
political cult. Other works include being guest editor of Women Under the Influence: A
Study of Women’s Lives in Totalist Groups (a special issue of Cultic Studies Journal 14,1,
1997) and coauthor of “Crazy” Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? (Jossey-Bass,
1996) Cults in Our Midst (Jossey-Bass, 1995) and Captive Hearts, Captive Minds: Freedom
and Recovery from Cults and Abusive Relationships (Hunter House, 1994).
(JLalich@csuchico.edu)
This article is an electronic version of an article originally published in Cultic Studies Review, 2004, Volume 3,
Numbers 2 &3, pages 226-247. Please keep in mind that the pagination of this electronic reprint differs from that
of the bound volume. This fact could affect how you enter bibliographic information in papers that you may write.
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Giddens, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social
analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
— (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Lalich, J. (2000). Bounded choice: The fusion of personal freedom and self-renunciation in two
transcendent groups. Ph.D. dissertation, Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA.
— (2004). Bounded choice: True believers and charismatic cults. Berkeley, CA: University of California
Press.
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism. New York: Norton.
— (1968). Revolutionary immortality: Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese cultural revolution. New York:
Random House.
— (1986). The Nazi doctors. New York: Basic Books.
— (1987). The future of immortality and other essays for a nuclear age. New York: Basic Books.
— (1999). Destroying the world to save it: Aum Shinrikyo, apocalyptic violence, and the new global
terrorism. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Representatives from the Kingdom of Heaven (1996). How and when "Heaven's Gate" (The door to
the physical Kingdom Level Above Human) may be entered. Santa Fe, NM: Heaven's
Representatives.
Schein, E. H. (1961). Coercive persuasion. New York: Norton.
— (1992). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics 69, 99-
118.
— (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review 63, 129-138.
— (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review 74, 29-39.
— (1979). Models of thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behavior. New York: Free Press.
Weber, M. (1946a). ―Bureaucracy.‖ In H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays
in sociology (pp. 196-244). New York: Oxford University Press.
____(1946b). ―The sociology of charismatic authority.‖ In H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Eds.), From
Max Weber: Essays in sociology (pp. 245-252). New York: Oxford University Press.
____(1922/1964). The sociology of religion. E. Bischoff, trans. Boston: Beacon Press.
____(1947/1968). ―The nature of charismatic authority and its routinization.‖ In S.N. Eisenstadt
(Ed.), Max Weber: On charisma and institution building (pp. 48-65). Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Zablocki, B. D. (1998). Exit cost analysis: A new approach to the scientific study of brainwashing.
Nova Religio 1, 216-249.
Janja Lalich, Ph.D. is Assistant Professor of Sociology at California State University, Chico.
Her research and writing has focused on cults and controversial groups, with a specialization
in charismatic authority, power relations, ideology, and social control, and issues related to
gender and sexuality. Her most recent book, Bounded Choice: True Believers and
Charismatic Cults, (University of California Press) presents a new approach to understanding
cult commitments, and is based on her comparative study of Heaven‘s Gate, which
committed collective suicide in 1997, and the Democratic Workers Party, a radical left-wing
political cult. Other works include being guest editor of Women Under the Influence: A
Study of Women’s Lives in Totalist Groups (a special issue of Cultic Studies Journal 14,1,
1997) and coauthor of “Crazy” Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? (Jossey-Bass,
1996) Cults in Our Midst (Jossey-Bass, 1995) and Captive Hearts, Captive Minds: Freedom
and Recovery from Cults and Abusive Relationships (Hunter House, 1994).
(JLalich@csuchico.edu)
This article is an electronic version of an article originally published in Cultic Studies Review, 2004, Volume 3,
Numbers 2 &3, pages 226-247. Please keep in mind that the pagination of this electronic reprint differs from that
of the bound volume. This fact could affect how you enter bibliographic information in papers that you may write.
