Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 3, Nos. 2 &3, 2004, Page 46
Conscience is based on ―two and two only absolute and luminously self-evident beings,
myself and my Creator‖ (Apologia 16). ―Dios en nuestros espíritus es Espíritu y no Idea,
amor y no dogma, vida y no lógica‖ (La fe 266), ―God in our spirits is Spirit and not Idea,
love and not dogma, life and not logic‖ (Faith 154). Belief in conscience as divine and
supreme is the end of tyranny of mind and life. Even for teenagers.
Note
1 All translations are by the author.
References
Fagan, Kevin B. A Toast to Conscience: Freedom of Conscience in John Henry Newman.
Diss. U of Dallas, 1998. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1999. 9913908.
---.Venceréis, pero no convendréis: Freedom of Conscience in Miguel de Unamuno. Diss.
Texas Tech U, 2003. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2003. 3096013.
Newman, John Henry. Apologia Pro Vita Sua. Ed. David J. DeLaura. New York: Norton,
1968.
---.Correspondence of John Henry Newman with John Keble and Others: 1839-1845.
London: Longmans, 1917.
---.An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent. Ed. Nicholas Lash. Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre
Dame P, 1979.
---.An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. Foreword Ian Ker. 6th ed. Notre
Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 1989.
---.Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during his Life in the English
Church. Ed. Anne Mozley. 2 vols. London: Longmans, 1903.
---.Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Eds. Ian Ker, Thomas Gornall and Gerard
Tracey. Vols. 1-8. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978-99. Eds. Charles Stephen Dessain
Edward E. Kelly, and Thomas Gornall. Vols. 11-31. Oxford: Clarendon, 1961-72.
---.―Letter to the Duke of Norfolk.‖ Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching
Considered. Christian Classics. 2 vols. Westminster, MD:, 1969. 171-378.
---.Verses on Various Occasions. Denville, NJ: Dimension, 1993.
Rudd, Margaret Thomas. The Lone Heretic: a Biography of Miguel de Unamuno. New York:
Gordian, 1976.
Unamuno, Miguel de. ―Faith.‖ The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith. Bollingen
LXXXV 5. Trans. Anthony Kerrigan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U P, 1983.
---.―La fe.‖ Ensayos. Ed. Bernardo G. De Cándamo. Vol. 1. Madrid: Aguilar, 1966.
---.Paz en la guerra. Obras completas. Tomo I. Ed. Ricardo Senabre. Madrid: Castro, 1995.
1-292.
---.Peace in War. Bollingen LXXXV 1. Introduction. Allen Lacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U P,
1983.
---.―¡Pistis y no gnosis!‖ Obras completas. Ed. Manuel García Blanco. 15 vols. Madrid:
Aguado, 1958. 4: 1020.
---.Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad. 6ª. Ed. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1968.
Kevin B. Fagan, Ph.D., is Lecturer in Spanish, Philosophy and Religious Studies, at
California State University, San Luis Obispo. At age 17, Kevin joined the religious
congregation of the Legionaires of Christ. After studies in Dublin, Salamanca, and Rome, he
had educational responsibilities as teacher, student advisor, academic dean, school principal
and religious superior. His main occupation as a member, however, was vocational
recruitment in the U.S., Mexico and Chile. Upon exiting the group in 1933, his experience of
cult-like tactics inspired his philosophical dissertation, ―A Toast to Conscience: Freedom of
Conscience in John H. Newman,‖ and a later dissertation in Spanish, ―Venceréis, pero no
convenceréis (You Will Win, but not Convince): Freedom of Conscience in Miguel de
Conscience is based on ―two and two only absolute and luminously self-evident beings,
myself and my Creator‖ (Apologia 16). ―Dios en nuestros espíritus es Espíritu y no Idea,
amor y no dogma, vida y no lógica‖ (La fe 266), ―God in our spirits is Spirit and not Idea,
love and not dogma, life and not logic‖ (Faith 154). Belief in conscience as divine and
supreme is the end of tyranny of mind and life. Even for teenagers.
Note
1 All translations are by the author.
References
Fagan, Kevin B. A Toast to Conscience: Freedom of Conscience in John Henry Newman.
Diss. U of Dallas, 1998. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1999. 9913908.
---.Venceréis, pero no convendréis: Freedom of Conscience in Miguel de Unamuno. Diss.
Texas Tech U, 2003. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2003. 3096013.
Newman, John Henry. Apologia Pro Vita Sua. Ed. David J. DeLaura. New York: Norton,
1968.
---.Correspondence of John Henry Newman with John Keble and Others: 1839-1845.
London: Longmans, 1917.
---.An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent. Ed. Nicholas Lash. Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre
Dame P, 1979.
---.An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. Foreword Ian Ker. 6th ed. Notre
Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 1989.
---.Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during his Life in the English
Church. Ed. Anne Mozley. 2 vols. London: Longmans, 1903.
---.Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Eds. Ian Ker, Thomas Gornall and Gerard
Tracey. Vols. 1-8. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978-99. Eds. Charles Stephen Dessain
Edward E. Kelly, and Thomas Gornall. Vols. 11-31. Oxford: Clarendon, 1961-72.
---.―Letter to the Duke of Norfolk.‖ Certain Difficulties Felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching
Considered. Christian Classics. 2 vols. Westminster, MD:, 1969. 171-378.
---.Verses on Various Occasions. Denville, NJ: Dimension, 1993.
Rudd, Margaret Thomas. The Lone Heretic: a Biography of Miguel de Unamuno. New York:
Gordian, 1976.
Unamuno, Miguel de. ―Faith.‖ The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith. Bollingen
LXXXV 5. Trans. Anthony Kerrigan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U P, 1983.
---.―La fe.‖ Ensayos. Ed. Bernardo G. De Cándamo. Vol. 1. Madrid: Aguilar, 1966.
---.Paz en la guerra. Obras completas. Tomo I. Ed. Ricardo Senabre. Madrid: Castro, 1995.
1-292.
---.Peace in War. Bollingen LXXXV 1. Introduction. Allen Lacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U P,
1983.
---.―¡Pistis y no gnosis!‖ Obras completas. Ed. Manuel García Blanco. 15 vols. Madrid:
Aguado, 1958. 4: 1020.
---.Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad. 6ª. Ed. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1968.
Kevin B. Fagan, Ph.D., is Lecturer in Spanish, Philosophy and Religious Studies, at
California State University, San Luis Obispo. At age 17, Kevin joined the religious
congregation of the Legionaires of Christ. After studies in Dublin, Salamanca, and Rome, he
had educational responsibilities as teacher, student advisor, academic dean, school principal
and religious superior. His main occupation as a member, however, was vocational
recruitment in the U.S., Mexico and Chile. Upon exiting the group in 1933, his experience of
cult-like tactics inspired his philosophical dissertation, ―A Toast to Conscience: Freedom of
Conscience in John H. Newman,‖ and a later dissertation in Spanish, ―Venceréis, pero no
convenceréis (You Will Win, but not Convince): Freedom of Conscience in Miguel de
