International Journal of Cultic Studies ■ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010 81
saving decisions.” This type of transformation
seems to be therapeutically useful because it
develops a sense of control, responsibility for
one’s choices, and the hope for a renewed ability
to shape one’s life (see Grencavage and
Norcross, 1990).
Sifting through the maladaptive cult convictions
of personal motives related to the cult also
produces favorable conditions for the
undertaking of renewed attempts at solving
personal problems (see Rohmann, 2000). A
secure therapeutic framework allows for the
tackling of one’s problems without the necessity
of “cutting off” the important, deep-rooted
aspects of one’s self that are incompatible with
the ideology of the cult. Having proceeded
through the deconstructive stage, one may
undertake further therapeutic work either with
the aid of specific procedures of narrative
therapy directed at broadening and strengthening
inner dialogues (see Watkins, 1999 McLeod,
1997 Parker, 1999), or in a standard way,
depending on the theoretical orientation of the
therapist.
References
Conway, F., &Siegelman J. (1982, January). Information disease:
Have cults created a new mental illness? Science Digest. 86–92.
Conway, F., &Siegelman, J. (1979). Snapping: America’s
epidemic of sudden personality change. New York: A Delta Book.
Cozolino, L. J. (2004). Neuronauka w psychoterapii. Poznań: Zysk
i S-ka.
Grencavage, L. M., &Norcross, J. M. (1990). Where are the
commonalities among the therapeutic specific factors?
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 372–278.
Harber, K. D., &Pennebaker, J. W. (1992). Overcoming traumatic
memories. In S. Christianson (Ed.). The handbook of emotion and
memory: Research and theory (p. 359–387). Hillsdale: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Hassan, S. (1988). Combatting cult mind control. Rochester. VT:
Park Street Press.
Hassan, S. (2000). Releasing the bonds. Empowering people to
think for themselves. Somerville, MA: Freedom of Mind Press.
Hermans, H. J. M. (1999). The polyphony of the mind: A
multivoiced and dialogical self. In J. Rowan &M. Cooper (Eds.).
The plural self. Multiplicity in everyday life. London: Sage
Publications.
Hermans, H. J. M., &Kempen, H. J. G. (1993). The dialogical
self: Meaning as movement. San Diego: Academic Press.
Kuncewicz, D. (1999). Przyczyny przynależności do grup
kultowych. Thesis (M. A.). Lublin: KUL.
Kuncewicz, D. (2002). Komplementarność ofert i potrzeb w
zjawisku psychomanipulacji. In E. Narecka &E. Ziarek (Eds.).
Psychomanipulacja a młodzież. Zjawisko – zagrożenie – pomoc, (s.
9–16). Lublin: Poradnia Psychologiczno-Pedagogiczna nr 3.
Kuncewicz, D., Opolska, T., &Wasiak, M. (2000) Sekty.
Przedmiot fascynacji i zagrożeń. Warszawa: CMPP-P.
Kuner, W. (1981). New religion and mental health: Empirical
research into the rhree NRMs in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Tűbingen: Departament of Political Science University of
Tűbingen.
Larsen, J. T., Hemenover, S. H., Norris, C. .J., &Cacioppo, J. T.
(2002). Turning adversity to advantage: On the virtues of the
coactivation of positive and negative emotions, In L.G. Aspinwall,
U.M. Staudinger (Eds.). A psychology of human strengths:
Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive
psychology (p. 211–226). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of
totalism: A study of “brainwashing” in China. New York: Norton
Press.
McAdams, D. P. (1994). The stories we live by: Personal myths
and the making of the self. New York: William Murrow.
McLeod, J. (1997). Narrative and psychotherapy. London: Sage
Publications.
Parker, I. (1999). Deconstructing psychotherapy. London: Sage
Publications.
Pennebaker, J. W., &Susman, J. R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas
and psychosomatic processes. Social Science and Medicine, 26,
327–332.
Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., &Francis, M. E. (2007).
Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC 2007). A text analysis
program. Austin, TX: LIWC.net.
Rohmann, D. (2000). An account of psychotherapeutic work with
ex-cult/cult members using the three-step-model. Retrieved from
www.kulte.de/e-3stufen.html
Ross, M. (1988). Effects of membership in Scientology on
personality: An exploratory study. Journal for the Scientific Study
of Religion, 27(4), 630–636.
Rowan, J. (1990). Subpersonalites: The people inside us. London:
Routledge.
Sheich, G. (2002). Pozytywne myślenie. Czy może szkodzić?
Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Singer, M. T., &Lalich, J. (1994). Cults in our midst. San
Fransisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers San Francisco.
Stemplewska-Żakowicz, K. (2002) Koncepcje narracyjnej
tożsamości. Od historii życia do dialogowego Ja. In: J. Trzebiński
(Ed.) Narracja jako sposób rozumienia świata. Gdańsk: Gdańskie
Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Trzebiński, J. (2002). Narracyjne konstruowanie rzeczywistości.
In: J. Trzebiński (Ed.) Narracja jako sposób rozumienia świata.
Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Watkins, M. (1999). Pathways between the multiplicities of the
psyche and culture: The development of dialogical capacities. In: J.
Rowan &M. Cooper (Eds.). The plural self. Multiplicity in
everyday life. London: Sage Publications.
West, L. J., &Martin, P. R. (1996). Pseudo-identity and the
treatment of personality in victims of captivity and cults.
Wellspring Messenger 7(1), 10–12.
Yeakley, F. R. (1988). The discipling dilemma. Nashville: Gospel
Advocate Press.
saving decisions.” This type of transformation
seems to be therapeutically useful because it
develops a sense of control, responsibility for
one’s choices, and the hope for a renewed ability
to shape one’s life (see Grencavage and
Norcross, 1990).
Sifting through the maladaptive cult convictions
of personal motives related to the cult also
produces favorable conditions for the
undertaking of renewed attempts at solving
personal problems (see Rohmann, 2000). A
secure therapeutic framework allows for the
tackling of one’s problems without the necessity
of “cutting off” the important, deep-rooted
aspects of one’s self that are incompatible with
the ideology of the cult. Having proceeded
through the deconstructive stage, one may
undertake further therapeutic work either with
the aid of specific procedures of narrative
therapy directed at broadening and strengthening
inner dialogues (see Watkins, 1999 McLeod,
1997 Parker, 1999), or in a standard way,
depending on the theoretical orientation of the
therapist.
References
Conway, F., &Siegelman J. (1982, January). Information disease:
Have cults created a new mental illness? Science Digest. 86–92.
Conway, F., &Siegelman, J. (1979). Snapping: America’s
epidemic of sudden personality change. New York: A Delta Book.
Cozolino, L. J. (2004). Neuronauka w psychoterapii. Poznań: Zysk
i S-ka.
Grencavage, L. M., &Norcross, J. M. (1990). Where are the
commonalities among the therapeutic specific factors?
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 372–278.
Harber, K. D., &Pennebaker, J. W. (1992). Overcoming traumatic
memories. In S. Christianson (Ed.). The handbook of emotion and
memory: Research and theory (p. 359–387). Hillsdale: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Hassan, S. (1988). Combatting cult mind control. Rochester. VT:
Park Street Press.
Hassan, S. (2000). Releasing the bonds. Empowering people to
think for themselves. Somerville, MA: Freedom of Mind Press.
Hermans, H. J. M. (1999). The polyphony of the mind: A
multivoiced and dialogical self. In J. Rowan &M. Cooper (Eds.).
The plural self. Multiplicity in everyday life. London: Sage
Publications.
Hermans, H. J. M., &Kempen, H. J. G. (1993). The dialogical
self: Meaning as movement. San Diego: Academic Press.
Kuncewicz, D. (1999). Przyczyny przynależności do grup
kultowych. Thesis (M. A.). Lublin: KUL.
Kuncewicz, D. (2002). Komplementarność ofert i potrzeb w
zjawisku psychomanipulacji. In E. Narecka &E. Ziarek (Eds.).
Psychomanipulacja a młodzież. Zjawisko – zagrożenie – pomoc, (s.
9–16). Lublin: Poradnia Psychologiczno-Pedagogiczna nr 3.
Kuncewicz, D., Opolska, T., &Wasiak, M. (2000) Sekty.
Przedmiot fascynacji i zagrożeń. Warszawa: CMPP-P.
Kuner, W. (1981). New religion and mental health: Empirical
research into the rhree NRMs in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Tűbingen: Departament of Political Science University of
Tűbingen.
Larsen, J. T., Hemenover, S. H., Norris, C. .J., &Cacioppo, J. T.
(2002). Turning adversity to advantage: On the virtues of the
coactivation of positive and negative emotions, In L.G. Aspinwall,
U.M. Staudinger (Eds.). A psychology of human strengths:
Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive
psychology (p. 211–226). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of
totalism: A study of “brainwashing” in China. New York: Norton
Press.
McAdams, D. P. (1994). The stories we live by: Personal myths
and the making of the self. New York: William Murrow.
McLeod, J. (1997). Narrative and psychotherapy. London: Sage
Publications.
Parker, I. (1999). Deconstructing psychotherapy. London: Sage
Publications.
Pennebaker, J. W., &Susman, J. R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas
and psychosomatic processes. Social Science and Medicine, 26,
327–332.
Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., &Francis, M. E. (2007).
Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC 2007). A text analysis
program. Austin, TX: LIWC.net.
Rohmann, D. (2000). An account of psychotherapeutic work with
ex-cult/cult members using the three-step-model. Retrieved from
www.kulte.de/e-3stufen.html
Ross, M. (1988). Effects of membership in Scientology on
personality: An exploratory study. Journal for the Scientific Study
of Religion, 27(4), 630–636.
Rowan, J. (1990). Subpersonalites: The people inside us. London:
Routledge.
Sheich, G. (2002). Pozytywne myślenie. Czy może szkodzić?
Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Singer, M. T., &Lalich, J. (1994). Cults in our midst. San
Fransisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers San Francisco.
Stemplewska-Żakowicz, K. (2002) Koncepcje narracyjnej
tożsamości. Od historii życia do dialogowego Ja. In: J. Trzebiński
(Ed.) Narracja jako sposób rozumienia świata. Gdańsk: Gdańskie
Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Trzebiński, J. (2002). Narracyjne konstruowanie rzeczywistości.
In: J. Trzebiński (Ed.) Narracja jako sposób rozumienia świata.
Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Watkins, M. (1999). Pathways between the multiplicities of the
psyche and culture: The development of dialogical capacities. In: J.
Rowan &M. Cooper (Eds.). The plural self. Multiplicity in
everyday life. London: Sage Publications.
West, L. J., &Martin, P. R. (1996). Pseudo-identity and the
treatment of personality in victims of captivity and cults.
Wellspring Messenger 7(1), 10–12.
Yeakley, F. R. (1988). The discipling dilemma. Nashville: Gospel
Advocate Press.
