International Journal of Cultic Studies ■ Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010 59
and root causes (Vol. 2, pp. 51–70). Westport, CT: Praeger
Security.
Gruen, M. (2006). Innovative recruitment and indoctrination
tactics by extremists: Video games, hip hop, and the World Wide
Web. In J. Forest (Ed.), The Making of a Terrorist: Recruitment,
training, and root causes (Vol. 1, pp.11–22). Westport, CT:
Praeger Security.
Horgan, J. (2005). Psychology of terrorism. New York: Routledge.
Javaloy, F., Espelt, E., &Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (2005).
Movimiento fundamentalista islámico y terrorismo suicida. Una
aproximación psicosocial. In J. M. Sabucedo (Ed.), Psicología
política, cultura, inmigración y comunicación social (pp. 93–98).
Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
Javaloy, F., Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., &Espelt, E. (2001).
Comportamiento colectivo y movimientos sociales. Madrid:
Prentice Hall.
Juergensmeyer, M. (2001). Terror in the mind of God. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Krahé, B. (2001). The social psychology of aggression.
Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., &Lozano,
R. (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva: W.H.O.
Kruglanski, A. W., &Fishman, S. (2006). The psychology of
terrorism: “Syndrome” versus “tool” perspectives. Terrorism and
Political Violence, 18(2), 193.
Lee, A. M. (1983). Terrorism in Northern Ireland. New York:
Bayside.
McCauley, C. (2007). Psychology issues in understanding
terrorism and the response to terrorism. In B. Bongar (Ed.),
Psychology of terrorism (pp. 13–31). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Merari, A. (2007). Psychological aspects of suicide terrorism. In B.
Bongar (Ed.), Psychology of terrorism (pp. 101–115). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Novales, F. (1989). El tazón de hierro. Barcelona: Crítica.
Osherow, N. (1981). Making sense of the non-sensical: An
analysis of Jonestown. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Reading about the
social animal. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Post, J. (2006). When hatred is bred in the bone: The sociocultural
underpinnings of terrorist psychology. In J. Forest (Ed.), The
making of a terrorist: Recruitment, training, and root causes (Vol.
1, pp. 13–33). Westport, CT: Praeger Security.
Reinares, F. (2001). Patriotas de la muerte: Quienes han militado
en ETA y por qué. Madrid: Taurus.
Reinares, F. (2004). Who are the terrorists? Analyzing changes in
sociological profile among members of ETA. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, 27(6), 465–488.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (1992). El lavado de cerebro.
Barcelona: Boixerau Universitaria.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (1999). Sectas coercitivas. In M.
Clemente &M. I. Serrano (Eds.), Psicología Jurídica y Redes
Sociales.Fundación (pp. 415–442). Madrid: Universidad-Empresa.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., &Javaloy, F. (2005). Psychosocial
analysis of the collective processes in the United States after
September 11. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 22(3),
201–216.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., Almendros, C., Escartín, J., Porrúa, C.,
Martín-Peña, J., Javaloy, F., &Carrobles, J. A. (2005). Un estudio
comparativo de las estrategias de abuso psicológico: en pareja, en
el lugar de trabajo y en grupos manipulativos. Anuario de
Psicología, 36(3), 301–311.
Romero, A. J. (2006). Etnicidad y violencia etarra. Revista de
Psicología Social, 21(2), 171–184.
Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding terrorist networks.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
San Martín, J. (2005). El terrorista. Cómo es. Cómo se hace.
Barcelona: Ariel.
Schein, E. H., Schneier, I., &Barker, C. H. (1961). Coercive
persuasion. New York: Norton.
Schmid, A. (2005). Terrorism as psychological warfare.
Democracy and Security, 1(2), 137–146.
Stahelski, A. (2005). Terrorists are made, not born: Creating
terrorists using social psychological conditioning. Cultic Studies
Review, 4(1), 1–7.
Switzer, R. W. (2007). Sendero Luminoso and Peruvian
counterinsurgency. New York: University of the State of New
York.
Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity, and social
comparison. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social
groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations
(pp. 61–76). Londres: Academic Press.
Taylor, M., &Horgan, J. (2006). A conceptual framework for
addressing psychological process in the development of the
terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(4), 585–601.
Trujillo, H. M., Moyano, M., León, C., Valenzuela, C., &
González-Cabrera, J. (2006). De la agresividad a la violencia
terrorista: historia de una patología psicosocial previsible (parte II).
Psicología Conductual, 14(2), 289–303.
Keywords: Terrorism, terrorist groups, cults,
violence, psychological abuse.
Acknowledgments
This study has been carried out in the framework
of the research project co-financed by the
Ministry of Education and Science and FEDER
funds with code SEJ2007-61957.
The original Spanish-language version of this
article © 2009 by Fundación Infancia y
Aprendizaje, ISSN: 0213-4748 Revista de
Psicología Social, 2009, 24(2), 183–195.
Translated with permission.
About the Primary Author
Álvaro Rodríguez-Carballeira, Ph.D., is
Professor of Social Psychology, Social
Movements, and Legal Psychology at the
University of Barcelona (Spain). From 1999
and root causes (Vol. 2, pp. 51–70). Westport, CT: Praeger
Security.
Gruen, M. (2006). Innovative recruitment and indoctrination
tactics by extremists: Video games, hip hop, and the World Wide
Web. In J. Forest (Ed.), The Making of a Terrorist: Recruitment,
training, and root causes (Vol. 1, pp.11–22). Westport, CT:
Praeger Security.
Horgan, J. (2005). Psychology of terrorism. New York: Routledge.
Javaloy, F., Espelt, E., &Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (2005).
Movimiento fundamentalista islámico y terrorismo suicida. Una
aproximación psicosocial. In J. M. Sabucedo (Ed.), Psicología
política, cultura, inmigración y comunicación social (pp. 93–98).
Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
Javaloy, F., Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., &Espelt, E. (2001).
Comportamiento colectivo y movimientos sociales. Madrid:
Prentice Hall.
Juergensmeyer, M. (2001). Terror in the mind of God. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Krahé, B. (2001). The social psychology of aggression.
Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., &Lozano,
R. (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva: W.H.O.
Kruglanski, A. W., &Fishman, S. (2006). The psychology of
terrorism: “Syndrome” versus “tool” perspectives. Terrorism and
Political Violence, 18(2), 193.
Lee, A. M. (1983). Terrorism in Northern Ireland. New York:
Bayside.
McCauley, C. (2007). Psychology issues in understanding
terrorism and the response to terrorism. In B. Bongar (Ed.),
Psychology of terrorism (pp. 13–31). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Merari, A. (2007). Psychological aspects of suicide terrorism. In B.
Bongar (Ed.), Psychology of terrorism (pp. 101–115). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Novales, F. (1989). El tazón de hierro. Barcelona: Crítica.
Osherow, N. (1981). Making sense of the non-sensical: An
analysis of Jonestown. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Reading about the
social animal. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Post, J. (2006). When hatred is bred in the bone: The sociocultural
underpinnings of terrorist psychology. In J. Forest (Ed.), The
making of a terrorist: Recruitment, training, and root causes (Vol.
1, pp. 13–33). Westport, CT: Praeger Security.
Reinares, F. (2001). Patriotas de la muerte: Quienes han militado
en ETA y por qué. Madrid: Taurus.
Reinares, F. (2004). Who are the terrorists? Analyzing changes in
sociological profile among members of ETA. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, 27(6), 465–488.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (1992). El lavado de cerebro.
Barcelona: Boixerau Universitaria.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A. (1999). Sectas coercitivas. In M.
Clemente &M. I. Serrano (Eds.), Psicología Jurídica y Redes
Sociales.Fundación (pp. 415–442). Madrid: Universidad-Empresa.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., &Javaloy, F. (2005). Psychosocial
analysis of the collective processes in the United States after
September 11. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 22(3),
201–216.
Rodríguez-Carballeira, A., Almendros, C., Escartín, J., Porrúa, C.,
Martín-Peña, J., Javaloy, F., &Carrobles, J. A. (2005). Un estudio
comparativo de las estrategias de abuso psicológico: en pareja, en
el lugar de trabajo y en grupos manipulativos. Anuario de
Psicología, 36(3), 301–311.
Romero, A. J. (2006). Etnicidad y violencia etarra. Revista de
Psicología Social, 21(2), 171–184.
Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding terrorist networks.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
San Martín, J. (2005). El terrorista. Cómo es. Cómo se hace.
Barcelona: Ariel.
Schein, E. H., Schneier, I., &Barker, C. H. (1961). Coercive
persuasion. New York: Norton.
Schmid, A. (2005). Terrorism as psychological warfare.
Democracy and Security, 1(2), 137–146.
Stahelski, A. (2005). Terrorists are made, not born: Creating
terrorists using social psychological conditioning. Cultic Studies
Review, 4(1), 1–7.
Switzer, R. W. (2007). Sendero Luminoso and Peruvian
counterinsurgency. New York: University of the State of New
York.
Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity, and social
comparison. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social
groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations
(pp. 61–76). Londres: Academic Press.
Taylor, M., &Horgan, J. (2006). A conceptual framework for
addressing psychological process in the development of the
terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(4), 585–601.
Trujillo, H. M., Moyano, M., León, C., Valenzuela, C., &
González-Cabrera, J. (2006). De la agresividad a la violencia
terrorista: historia de una patología psicosocial previsible (parte II).
Psicología Conductual, 14(2), 289–303.
Keywords: Terrorism, terrorist groups, cults,
violence, psychological abuse.
Acknowledgments
This study has been carried out in the framework
of the research project co-financed by the
Ministry of Education and Science and FEDER
funds with code SEJ2007-61957.
The original Spanish-language version of this
article © 2009 by Fundación Infancia y
Aprendizaje, ISSN: 0213-4748 Revista de
Psicología Social, 2009, 24(2), 183–195.
Translated with permission.
About the Primary Author
Álvaro Rodríguez-Carballeira, Ph.D., is
Professor of Social Psychology, Social
Movements, and Legal Psychology at the
University of Barcelona (Spain). From 1999
