69
Connie A. Mitchell |Abuses Produce Similar Psychological Effects in Survivors
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text
rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Annitto, M. (2011). Consent, coercion, and compassion: Emerging legal responses to the commercial sexual
exploitation of minors. Yale Law &Policy Review, 30(1), 1–70. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23340058
Bancroft, H. (2022, July 18). Revealed: ‘Hidden epidemic’ of abusive cults in UK, with 2,000 groups operating
freely. Independent.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-cult-groups-sexual-abuse-b2121100.html?fs=e
Bandow, D. 2016. The Islamic state creates killer Caliphate to eradicate religious minorities. Cato Institute.
https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1307724/the-islamic-state-creates-killer-caliphate-to-eradicate-
religious-minorities/1911016/. CID: 20.500.12592/8wr7md.
Rebecca Bender Initiative. (2019). Rebecca Bender Initiative. Author. https://rebeccabender.org/
Bert, D. (2018). 20 dangerous cults in recent history. MSN News.
https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/photos/20-dangerous-cults-in-recent-history
Bond, C. (2019). How MLMs and cults use the same mind control techniques. Huffington Post.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/multilevel-marketing-companies-mlms-cults-similarities_l_5d49f8c2e4
b09e72973df3d3
Boyle-Laisure, R. (2018). Employing trafficking laws to capture elusive leaders of destructive cults.
Oregon Review of International Law, 205. https://hdl.handle.net/1794/20018
Bromley, D. G., &Shupe, A. D., Jr. (1981). Strange gods: The great American cult scare. Beacon Press.
Carnes, P. (2018). Betrayal bond, revised: Breaking free of exploitative relationships.
Health Communications, Inc.
Carolin, L., Lindsay, A., &Victor, W. (2015). Sex trafficking in the tourism industry. Tourism &Hospitality, 4(4).
Cialdini, R. (2021). Influence: The psychology of persuasion (New and expanded edition). Harper Business.
Clark, C. (1993). Cults in America. In CQ Researcher. CQ Press https://doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre19930507
Congressional Research Service. (2015). Sex trafficking: An overview of federal criminal law. Congress.gov.
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R43597
Conway, F., &Siegelman, J. (1978). Snapping: America’s epidemic of sudden personality change. Stillpoint.
Cornell Law School. (2026). 22 U.S. Code §7102 – Definitions. Cornell Law School.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/7102
Curtis, J., &Curtis, M. (1993). Factors related to susceptibility and recruitment by cults. Psychological Reports,
73(2), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.451
Connie A. Mitchell |Abuses Produce Similar Psychological Effects in Survivors
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text
rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Annitto, M. (2011). Consent, coercion, and compassion: Emerging legal responses to the commercial sexual
exploitation of minors. Yale Law &Policy Review, 30(1), 1–70. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23340058
Bancroft, H. (2022, July 18). Revealed: ‘Hidden epidemic’ of abusive cults in UK, with 2,000 groups operating
freely. Independent.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-cult-groups-sexual-abuse-b2121100.html?fs=e
Bandow, D. 2016. The Islamic state creates killer Caliphate to eradicate religious minorities. Cato Institute.
https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1307724/the-islamic-state-creates-killer-caliphate-to-eradicate-
religious-minorities/1911016/. CID: 20.500.12592/8wr7md.
Rebecca Bender Initiative. (2019). Rebecca Bender Initiative. Author. https://rebeccabender.org/
Bert, D. (2018). 20 dangerous cults in recent history. MSN News.
https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/photos/20-dangerous-cults-in-recent-history
Bond, C. (2019). How MLMs and cults use the same mind control techniques. Huffington Post.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/multilevel-marketing-companies-mlms-cults-similarities_l_5d49f8c2e4
b09e72973df3d3
Boyle-Laisure, R. (2018). Employing trafficking laws to capture elusive leaders of destructive cults.
Oregon Review of International Law, 205. https://hdl.handle.net/1794/20018
Bromley, D. G., &Shupe, A. D., Jr. (1981). Strange gods: The great American cult scare. Beacon Press.
Carnes, P. (2018). Betrayal bond, revised: Breaking free of exploitative relationships.
Health Communications, Inc.
Carolin, L., Lindsay, A., &Victor, W. (2015). Sex trafficking in the tourism industry. Tourism &Hospitality, 4(4).
Cialdini, R. (2021). Influence: The psychology of persuasion (New and expanded edition). Harper Business.
Clark, C. (1993). Cults in America. In CQ Researcher. CQ Press https://doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre19930507
Congressional Research Service. (2015). Sex trafficking: An overview of federal criminal law. Congress.gov.
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R43597
Conway, F., &Siegelman, J. (1978). Snapping: America’s epidemic of sudden personality change. Stillpoint.
Cornell Law School. (2026). 22 U.S. Code §7102 – Definitions. Cornell Law School.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/22/7102
Curtis, J., &Curtis, M. (1993). Factors related to susceptibility and recruitment by cults. Psychological Reports,
73(2), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.451









































































































