International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation Volume 9, Issue 2 2026 70
Dillon, J., &Richardson, J. (1994). The “cult” concept: A politics of representation analysis. Journal of Alternative
Religion and Culture, 3, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511972
Doychak, K., &Raghavan, C. (2020). “No voice or vote:” Trauma-coerced attachment in victims of sex trafficking.
Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(3), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2018.1518625
Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2010). The influence continuum—the good, the dubious, and the harmful—evidence and
implications for policy and practice in the 21st century. International Journal of Cultic Studies, 1(1).
Dubrow-Marshall, L., &Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2017). The psychological development and consequences of
involvement with new religious movements: Counseling issues for members, former members and
families. In S. Harvey, S. Steidinger, &J. A. Beckford, New Religious Movements and Counseling:
Academic, Professional and Personal Perspectives (pp. 80–95). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315598086-6
Dubrow-Marshall, L., &Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2016). The encyclopedia of mental health (2nd ed.). Elsevier Inc.
Edwards, C. (1979). Crazy for God: The nightmare of cult life by ex-Moon disciple Christopher Edwards. Prentice
Hall.
Eichel, S. (2018, February 24). How to identify a cult: Six tips from an expert. CBS News.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-identify-a-cult-six-expert-tips/
Farber, S. (2014, July). Cults and the mind–body connection: A form of soul murder. Psychology Today Blog.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-mind-body-connection/201407/cults-and-the-mind-body-
connection
Farley, M. (2003). Prostitution, trafficking, and traumatic stress. Routledge.
Frank, M. J., &Terwilliger, G. Z. (2017). Human trafficking: Interdisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Festinger, L., Riecken, H., &Schacter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. University of Minnesota Press.
Frank, M. J., &Terwilliger, G. Z. (2015). Gang-controlled sex trafficking. Virginia Journal of Criminal Law,
3, 342–434.
Freeman, R. (2017, January 18). The brain can work against abuse victims. Psychology Today.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/neurosagacity/201701/the-brain-can-work-against-abuse-
victims
Gasde, I., &Block, R. A. (1998). Cult experience psychological abuse distress personality characteristics.
Cultic Studies Journal, 15(2), 192–221.
Goldberg, L. (2006). Raised in cultic groups: The impact on the development of certain aspects of character.
Cultic Studies Review, 5(1), 1–28.
Greene, K., Derlega, V. J., &Mathews, A. (2006). Self-disclosure in personal relationships. In A. L. Vangelisti
&D. Perlman (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 409–427). Cambridge
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606632.023
Dillon, J., &Richardson, J. (1994). The “cult” concept: A politics of representation analysis. Journal of Alternative
Religion and Culture, 3, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511972
Doychak, K., &Raghavan, C. (2020). “No voice or vote:” Trauma-coerced attachment in victims of sex trafficking.
Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(3), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2018.1518625
Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2010). The influence continuum—the good, the dubious, and the harmful—evidence and
implications for policy and practice in the 21st century. International Journal of Cultic Studies, 1(1).
Dubrow-Marshall, L., &Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2017). The psychological development and consequences of
involvement with new religious movements: Counseling issues for members, former members and
families. In S. Harvey, S. Steidinger, &J. A. Beckford, New Religious Movements and Counseling:
Academic, Professional and Personal Perspectives (pp. 80–95). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315598086-6
Dubrow-Marshall, L., &Dubrow-Marshall, R. (2016). The encyclopedia of mental health (2nd ed.). Elsevier Inc.
Edwards, C. (1979). Crazy for God: The nightmare of cult life by ex-Moon disciple Christopher Edwards. Prentice
Hall.
Eichel, S. (2018, February 24). How to identify a cult: Six tips from an expert. CBS News.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-identify-a-cult-six-expert-tips/
Farber, S. (2014, July). Cults and the mind–body connection: A form of soul murder. Psychology Today Blog.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-mind-body-connection/201407/cults-and-the-mind-body-
connection
Farley, M. (2003). Prostitution, trafficking, and traumatic stress. Routledge.
Frank, M. J., &Terwilliger, G. Z. (2017). Human trafficking: Interdisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Festinger, L., Riecken, H., &Schacter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. University of Minnesota Press.
Frank, M. J., &Terwilliger, G. Z. (2015). Gang-controlled sex trafficking. Virginia Journal of Criminal Law,
3, 342–434.
Freeman, R. (2017, January 18). The brain can work against abuse victims. Psychology Today.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/neurosagacity/201701/the-brain-can-work-against-abuse-
victims
Gasde, I., &Block, R. A. (1998). Cult experience psychological abuse distress personality characteristics.
Cultic Studies Journal, 15(2), 192–221.
Goldberg, L. (2006). Raised in cultic groups: The impact on the development of certain aspects of character.
Cultic Studies Review, 5(1), 1–28.
Greene, K., Derlega, V. J., &Mathews, A. (2006). Self-disclosure in personal relationships. In A. L. Vangelisti
&D. Perlman (Eds). The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 409–427). Cambridge
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606632.023









































































































