73
Connie A. Mitchell |Abuses Produce Similar Psychological Effects in Survivors
Mills, J. (1979). Six years with god: Life in Rev. Jim Jones’s Peoples Temple. A &W Publishers.
Ogloff, J. R. P., &Pfeifer, J. E. (1992). Cults and the law: A discussion of the legality of alleged cult activities.
Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 10, 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370100111
National Human Trafficking Resource Center. (2026). Sex trafficking fact sheet. National Human Trafficking
Resource Center.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-HE25-PURL-gpo12089/pdf/GOVPUB-HE25-PURL-
gpo12089.pdf
Patrick, W., L. (2014, January 13). Human trafficking: Psychology of recruitment. Psychology Today.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/why-bad-looks-good/201401/human-trafficking-psychology-
recruitment
Petchesky, B. (2012). The 10 Rules of Pimping.
https://deadspin.com/the-10-rules-of-pimping-as-written-by-an-actual-alleg-5935090/
Pimp, C. (2011). Still pimping [Album]. Rap-A-Lot &Universal Motown Records.
Polaris. (2026). Understanding human trafficking. https://polarisproject.org/understanding-human-trafficking/
Province of British Columbia. (2022). What makes someone vulnerable to human trafficking? Province of British
Columbia.
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/victims-of-crime/human-trafficking/human-
trafficking-training/module-1/vulnerabilities
Rosedale, H. L., &Langone, M. D. (2005). On using the term “cult.”
http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/langone_michael_term_cult.htm
Raghavan, C., &Doychak, K. (2015). Trauma-coerced bonding &victims of sex trafficking: Where do we go
from here? International Journal of Emergency Mental Health &Human Resilience, 17(2), 583–587.
https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000223
Raine, S. (2021). Reinventing the self: NXIVM’s promises, secrets, and lies. International Journal of Coercion,
Abuse, and Manipulation, 2, 60–81.
Reid, J. A. (2016). Entrapment and enmeshment schemes used by sex traffickers. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of
Research and Treatment, 28(6), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214544334
Roe-Sepowitz, D. E., Hickle, K. E., Kahlstedt, J., &Gallagher, J. (2014a). Victim or whore: The similarities and
differences between victim’s experiences of domestic violence and sex trafficking. Journal of Human
Behavior in the Social Environment, 24(8), 883–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.840552
Roe-Sepowitz, D. E., Gallagher, J., Risinger, M., &Hickle, K. (2014b). The sexual exploitation of girls in the
United States: The role of female pimps. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(16).
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514554292
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018
Connie A. Mitchell |Abuses Produce Similar Psychological Effects in Survivors
Mills, J. (1979). Six years with god: Life in Rev. Jim Jones’s Peoples Temple. A &W Publishers.
Ogloff, J. R. P., &Pfeifer, J. E. (1992). Cults and the law: A discussion of the legality of alleged cult activities.
Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 10, 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370100111
National Human Trafficking Resource Center. (2026). Sex trafficking fact sheet. National Human Trafficking
Resource Center.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-HE25-PURL-gpo12089/pdf/GOVPUB-HE25-PURL-
gpo12089.pdf
Patrick, W., L. (2014, January 13). Human trafficking: Psychology of recruitment. Psychology Today.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/why-bad-looks-good/201401/human-trafficking-psychology-
recruitment
Petchesky, B. (2012). The 10 Rules of Pimping.
https://deadspin.com/the-10-rules-of-pimping-as-written-by-an-actual-alleg-5935090/
Pimp, C. (2011). Still pimping [Album]. Rap-A-Lot &Universal Motown Records.
Polaris. (2026). Understanding human trafficking. https://polarisproject.org/understanding-human-trafficking/
Province of British Columbia. (2022). What makes someone vulnerable to human trafficking? Province of British
Columbia.
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/victims-of-crime/human-trafficking/human-
trafficking-training/module-1/vulnerabilities
Rosedale, H. L., &Langone, M. D. (2005). On using the term “cult.”
http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/langone_michael_term_cult.htm
Raghavan, C., &Doychak, K. (2015). Trauma-coerced bonding &victims of sex trafficking: Where do we go
from here? International Journal of Emergency Mental Health &Human Resilience, 17(2), 583–587.
https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000223
Raine, S. (2021). Reinventing the self: NXIVM’s promises, secrets, and lies. International Journal of Coercion,
Abuse, and Manipulation, 2, 60–81.
Reid, J. A. (2016). Entrapment and enmeshment schemes used by sex traffickers. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of
Research and Treatment, 28(6), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214544334
Roe-Sepowitz, D. E., Hickle, K. E., Kahlstedt, J., &Gallagher, J. (2014a). Victim or whore: The similarities and
differences between victim’s experiences of domestic violence and sex trafficking. Journal of Human
Behavior in the Social Environment, 24(8), 883–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.840552
Roe-Sepowitz, D. E., Gallagher, J., Risinger, M., &Hickle, K. (2014b). The sexual exploitation of girls in the
United States: The role of female pimps. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(16).
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514554292
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018









































































































