15
Vickie Howard, Amina Adan, Charles Attwood |Escaping the Narcissist’s Worldview
McMullan, E. (2021). Being trapped in relational systems of narcissistic abuse during lockdown. In D. Ellis, &A.
Voela, After lockdown, opening up: Psychosocial transformation in the wak of COVID-19. Palgrave
Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80278-3
Miller, J., &Campbell, W. (2008). Comparing clinical and social-personality conceptualizations of narcissism.
Journal of Personality, 76, 449–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00492.x
Milstead, K. (2018, July 11). Defining narcissistic abuse: The case for deception as abuse. PsychCentral.
https://psychcentral.com/lib/defining-narcissistic-abuse-the-case-for-deception-as-abuse#1
Paulhus, D. L., &Williams, K. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and
psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Pincus, A., &Lukowitsky, M. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual
Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446.
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
Rapp, C. (1997). The strengths model: Case management with people suffering from severe and persistent mental
illness. Oxford University Press.
Rapp, C. A., &Goscha, R. J. (2006). The strengths model: Case management with people with psychiatric
disabilities (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Fittekaviar. (2020). Life after narcissism. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/LifeAfterNarcissism/comments/
hhbtqt/being_in_a_cult_seems_very_similar_to_being_with/
Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annals, 39(3), 111–121.
https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20090301-09
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018
SAMHSA. (2014). SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. https://www.
health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/program/medicaid_health_homes/docs/samhsa_trauma_concept_
paper.pdf
Spalding, N, J., &Phillips, T. (2007) Exploring the use of vignettes: From validity to trustworthiness. Qualitative
Health Research, 17(7), 954–962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307306187
Stark, C. A. (2019). Gaslighting, misogyny, and psychological oppression. The Monist, 102(2), 221–235.
https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onz007
Thomaes, S., Bushman, B., De Castro, B., &Stegge, H. (2009). What makes narcissists bloom? A framework for
research on the etiology and development of narcissism. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1233–
1247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990137
Zeigler-Hill, V., Besser, A. M., &Campbell, W. (2016). The dark triad and sexual harassment proclivity. Personality
and Individual Differences, 89, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid. 2015.09.048
Vickie Howard, Amina Adan, Charles Attwood |Escaping the Narcissist’s Worldview
McMullan, E. (2021). Being trapped in relational systems of narcissistic abuse during lockdown. In D. Ellis, &A.
Voela, After lockdown, opening up: Psychosocial transformation in the wak of COVID-19. Palgrave
Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80278-3
Miller, J., &Campbell, W. (2008). Comparing clinical and social-personality conceptualizations of narcissism.
Journal of Personality, 76, 449–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00492.x
Milstead, K. (2018, July 11). Defining narcissistic abuse: The case for deception as abuse. PsychCentral.
https://psychcentral.com/lib/defining-narcissistic-abuse-the-case-for-deception-as-abuse#1
Paulhus, D. L., &Williams, K. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and
psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Pincus, A., &Lukowitsky, M. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual
Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446.
https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
Rapp, C. (1997). The strengths model: Case management with people suffering from severe and persistent mental
illness. Oxford University Press.
Rapp, C. A., &Goscha, R. J. (2006). The strengths model: Case management with people with psychiatric
disabilities (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Fittekaviar. (2020). Life after narcissism. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/LifeAfterNarcissism/comments/
hhbtqt/being_in_a_cult_seems_very_similar_to_being_with/
Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annals, 39(3), 111–121.
https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20090301-09
Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J., &Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute
to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018
SAMHSA. (2014). SAMHSA’s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. https://www.
health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/program/medicaid_health_homes/docs/samhsa_trauma_concept_
paper.pdf
Spalding, N, J., &Phillips, T. (2007) Exploring the use of vignettes: From validity to trustworthiness. Qualitative
Health Research, 17(7), 954–962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732307306187
Stark, C. A. (2019). Gaslighting, misogyny, and psychological oppression. The Monist, 102(2), 221–235.
https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onz007
Thomaes, S., Bushman, B., De Castro, B., &Stegge, H. (2009). What makes narcissists bloom? A framework for
research on the etiology and development of narcissism. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1233–
1247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990137
Zeigler-Hill, V., Besser, A. M., &Campbell, W. (2016). The dark triad and sexual harassment proclivity. Personality
and Individual Differences, 89, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid. 2015.09.048









































































































