International Journal of Cultic Studies ■ Vol. 9, 2018 29
revisions, in particular Carol Giambalvo, Janja
Lalich, Herb Rosedale, and Patrick Ryan.
Treaties and Other Instruments
Particularly Relevant to Trafficking
416F
417
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children, supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, 2000 [Trafficking Protocol]
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women, 1979
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
417F
418
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography, 2000
United Nations convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, 2000
International Convention on the Protection of
the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members
of Their Families, 1990
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, 1966
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, 1966
Council of Europe, Convention on Action
against Trafficking in Human Beings, 2005
[European Trafficking Convention]
Charter of Fundamental Rights in the European
Union, 2000, article 5, and Directive
2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and
Council on preventing and combating trafficking
in human beings and protecting its victims, 2011
South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation, Convention on Preventing and
417 See U.N. Fact Sheet No. 36, supra note 249, at 10.
418 The Convention on the Rights of the Child has not been
adopted by the United States. This document along with the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the U.N. General
Assembly in December l979. They require that women have equal
rights to work, to receive pay, to receive benefits, and to have safe
working conditions. These conventions also prohibit the sexual
exploitation of children and the discrimination against women in
political activities. Tiefenbrun, supra note 323, at 148.
Combating Trafficking in Women and Children
for Prostitution, 2002
The Following Are Influential, But Do
Not Impose Obligations on Countries or
Confer Rights on Trafficked Persons
(“Soft Law”)
Recommended Principles and Guidelines on
Human Rights and Human Trafficking
Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to
a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross
Violations of International Human Rights Law
and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law
UNICEF Guidelines on the Protection of Child
Victims of Trafficking
Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in
Persons: ASEAN Practitioner Guidelines
UNHCR Guidelines on international protection:
The application of article 1A(2) of the 1951
Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the
Status of Refugees to victims of trafficking and
persons at risk of being trafficked.
UN General Assembly and the Human Rights
Council – UN resolutions
Violence Against Women−Related Legal
and Policy Documents
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention,
Punishment and Eradication of Violence against
Women of the Organization of American States
(1994)
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
against Women adopted by the General
Assembly (1993)
General recommendation No. 19 (1992) on
violence against women of the Committee on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
Nairobi Declaration on Women’s and Girls’
Right to a Remedy and Reparation (2007)
About the Author
Robin Boyle Laisure, JD, Professor of Legal
Writing at St. John’s University School of Law,
revisions, in particular Carol Giambalvo, Janja
Lalich, Herb Rosedale, and Patrick Ryan.
Treaties and Other Instruments
Particularly Relevant to Trafficking
416F
417
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children, supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, 2000 [Trafficking Protocol]
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women, 1979
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
417F
418
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography, 2000
United Nations convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, 2000
International Convention on the Protection of
the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members
of Their Families, 1990
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, 1966
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, 1966
Council of Europe, Convention on Action
against Trafficking in Human Beings, 2005
[European Trafficking Convention]
Charter of Fundamental Rights in the European
Union, 2000, article 5, and Directive
2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and
Council on preventing and combating trafficking
in human beings and protecting its victims, 2011
South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation, Convention on Preventing and
417 See U.N. Fact Sheet No. 36, supra note 249, at 10.
418 The Convention on the Rights of the Child has not been
adopted by the United States. This document along with the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the U.N. General
Assembly in December l979. They require that women have equal
rights to work, to receive pay, to receive benefits, and to have safe
working conditions. These conventions also prohibit the sexual
exploitation of children and the discrimination against women in
political activities. Tiefenbrun, supra note 323, at 148.
Combating Trafficking in Women and Children
for Prostitution, 2002
The Following Are Influential, But Do
Not Impose Obligations on Countries or
Confer Rights on Trafficked Persons
(“Soft Law”)
Recommended Principles and Guidelines on
Human Rights and Human Trafficking
Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to
a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross
Violations of International Human Rights Law
and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law
UNICEF Guidelines on the Protection of Child
Victims of Trafficking
Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in
Persons: ASEAN Practitioner Guidelines
UNHCR Guidelines on international protection:
The application of article 1A(2) of the 1951
Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the
Status of Refugees to victims of trafficking and
persons at risk of being trafficked.
UN General Assembly and the Human Rights
Council – UN resolutions
Violence Against Women−Related Legal
and Policy Documents
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention,
Punishment and Eradication of Violence against
Women of the Organization of American States
(1994)
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
against Women adopted by the General
Assembly (1993)
General recommendation No. 19 (1992) on
violence against women of the Committee on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Beijing Platform for Action (1995)
Nairobi Declaration on Women’s and Girls’
Right to a Remedy and Reparation (2007)
About the Author
Robin Boyle Laisure, JD, Professor of Legal
Writing at St. John’s University School of Law,
