Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2003, Page 103
Canada financed by money demanded in notes left at the scenes of the shootings. Many of
Malvo‘s drawings from jail have anti-American themes and commentary. They included
sketches of Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, and one of sniper crosshairs imposed on
a sketch of the White House.
University of Virginia psychologist Dewey Cornell, who interviewed Malvo extensively,
testified Muhammad taught the younger man to hate whites. One method Muhammad
allegedly used to indoctrinate Malvo was to put the younger man to sleep listening to a
reggae tape that also contained a track with an anti-white speech by Malcolm X. Cornell
reports Muhammad took Malvo on cross-country trips to speak with blacks in slums and
homeless shelters. Malvo told Cornell he watched the film ―The Matrix‖ more than 100 times
and identified with the hero, who wants to free human beings so oppressed they are
unaware they are being dominated. Muhammad also reportedly put Malvo on a strict
vegetarian diet, with vitamin pills, and once tied him to a tree so Malvo could prove his
toughness.
Prosecutor Robert Horan argued throughout that the defense confused ―indoctrination‖ with
―insanity,‖ while the defense attempted to show that the indoctrination was so severe that
Malvo could not distinguish right from wrong, the major criterion for insanity.
Maine-based forensic psychiatrist Diane H. Schekty testified Malvo was mentally ill at the
time of the shootings and unable to tell right from wrong. She said Malvo had a pathological
loyalty to Muhammad and was ―like a puppet in his hands.‖ He suffers, she added, from
―dissociate disorder [sic].‖ Referring to Malvo sitting at the witness table, she said: ―This
does not look like somebody who is facing horrendous charges. He is sitting there doodling
like a child in preschool.‖ Sheckty said Malvo told her Muhammad dissuaded him from
believing that killing was absolutely wrong, taught him to suppress his conscience if he had
doubts, and that ―right and wrong‖ were artificial constructs without real meaning.
Clinical psychologist David Schretlen, from Johns Hopkins University, said that Malvo‘s low
score on certain tests given while he was in custody could stem from depression, anxiety, or
a ―dissociative disorder‖ in which one loses touch with reality. Cornell also concluded that
Malvo suffered from a dissociative disorder at the time of the attacks. Cornell believes Malvo
took responsibility for the actual shooting because he blamed himself ―for the failure of the
mission.‖ He says Malvo told him that whenever he, Malvo, had misgivings about what they
were doing, Muhammad was either there to allay his concerns or he would imagine
Muhammad‘s voice with the same message. Cornell thinks the sniper killing for which Malvo
was tried served as Malvo‘s first test in doing Muhammad‘s bidding. Malvo only began
breaking away from Muhammad‘s influence seven months after their arrest, according to
Cornell, who added that Malvo began to realize that the vision of creating utopia with money
extorted from the government did not make sense. Malvo finally asked himself, Cornell
reports: ―If Allah was [really] behind this, how could we [have] fail[ed]?‖
Two other mental health professionals testified Malvo was not mentally ill and knew right
from wrong at the time of the murders. ―This is a person who is fully conscious, cognizant,
deliberating, purposeful,‖ said psychologist Stanton E. Samenow for the prosecution. ―Mr.
Malvo knew exactly what he was doing.‖ Samenov noted that Malvo wrote, in a letter to a
fellow inmate after his arrest: ―I play the stupid fool. Everybody underestimates me.‖
Samenow said Malvo told him: ―I‘m willing to question. I don‘t take anything at face value.
I‘m not impressionable. I‘m not weak minded.‖ Prosecution psychologist Evan S. Nelson said
the relationship between Malvo and Muhammad was based on idol worship not
brainwashing, and was consensual. Nelson implied the defense reeducated Malvo just as, it
had earlier argued, Muhammad brainwashed Malvo.
Psychologist and cult expert Paul Martin [who heads an Ohio rehabilitation facility for former
cult members] noted the cases of Korean War prisoner brainwashing, the Branch Davidian
Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2003, Page 104
siege in Waco, TX, and the Jonestown suicides and said that John Muhammad may have
been able to control Malvo‘s mind and will. He said people who have been indoctrinated ―can
change their moral values ...start to engage in crimes. People can kill when they are
under this sort of mindset.‖ Prosecutor Horan retorted: ―The red herring in this case is
indoctrination. It is the ultimate refuge of mental health scoundrels.‖ Horan added that only
people held captive, like prisoners of war and hostages, should be able to claim they were
brainwashed. Martin responded saying indoctrination was equally possible in voluntary one-
on-one settings.
The prosecution argued that Martin was not qualified to give an opinion on the Malvo-
Muhammad relationship and that brainwashing is not a diagnosable mental illness that can
lead to insanity. Prosecutor Horan said of Martin: ―His field is deprogramming cults [sic].
There are no cults in this case,‖ and Judge Roush agreed. Indeed, she criticized the defense
for broadly exploring issues of cults and brainwashing, and told it to concentrate more
narrowly on the case at hand.
Steven Hassan, a Massachusetts-based cult expert said a ―cult of two‖ can exist and involve
extreme indoctrination. He said Malvo could laugh at his crimes because ―in his cult identity,
it was right for him to kill people.‖ Hassan likened the brainwashed condition to a
dissociative disorder. The defense argued that Malvo‘s true personality is surfacing now that
his bond with Muhammad has weakened.
Robert Jay Lifton, who studied Korean War prisoner indoctrination and prefers the term
―thought reform‖ to ―brainwashing,‖ believes Malvo‘s behavior after the shootings meets the
criteria for someone who had undergone the process. He said: ―A strong person, particularly
an older person, can have an enormous influence on the shaping of mind and behavior of
another person. But there is still the issue of responsibility. One would have to be extremely
cautious about labeling a process between two people to be thought reform.‖
Some observers believe that the jury may have recommended life in prison rather than the
death penalty in part because they saw Muhammad‘s malignant influence as a mitigating
factor in Malvo‘s guilt. (Adam Liptak, New York Times, Internet, 12/6/03 and 12/16/03
Timothy Dwyer, Washington Post, Internet, 12/18/03 Carla Florin, Psychology Today,
Internet, 12/9/03 Rosie Dimanno, Toronto Star, Internet, 12/5/03 Matthew Barakat, AP,
Internet, 12/5/03 Angie Cannon, U.S. News and World Report, Internet, 11/17/03 James
Dao, New York Times, Internet 11/8/03)
Nation of Islam
“Brainwashing” Michael Jordan
A senior employee of pop star Michael Jackson says that the Nation of Islam is taking over
his affairs, keeping him ―semi-captive‖ ...and are in full and total charge‖ in the wake of
Jackson‘s legal troubles, and ―basically brainwashing‖ him. The Chicago-based group says it
has not taken over Jackson‘s affairs or taken a central role in his defense. (Margaret
Neighbor, The Scotsman, 12/31/03)
NXIVM/Executive Success Programs
Critical Website Can Continue
An Internet site containing material that accuses the Colonie, NY-based NXIVM human
potential program (known as ESP for its Executive Success Programs) of being a cult can
remain online, a U.S. District Judge in Albany has ruled. NXIVM argued that the Ross
Institute, which provides information on cultic groups, was causing it irreparable damage.
NXIUM claims the Internet postings cost it $10,000 per day in revenue and cancellation of a
speaking engagement by actress Goldie Hawn.
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